1979, graduate, Physicians Department, Riga Institute of Medicine; 1990-91, six months training in orthopaedics, Yale University and Syracuse University, US. 1985-94, Head, Traumatology Department, Riga City Hospital; 1994-98, Director, then 1998-2007, Chairman of the Board, State Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopaedics; 1995-99, Co-ordinator from Latvian side in Swiss Confederation Assistance Project; May and June 1996, Medical Service Officer, work on elimination of consequences of Chernobyl nuclear power plant catastrophe; since 2007, President of Latvia. Honorary Professor, Academy of State Administration of Kazakhstan. Since 2003, President, Latvian Association of Traumatology and Orthopaedics. 1988-89, Member of the Board, Latvian Popular Front. Member of the Board and activist, Group on Restoring the Latvian Medical Association. Recipient of awards including: Order of Three Stars, First Class, and Chain of the Order; Order of Viesturs, First Class; Cross of Recognition, First Class; Three-Star Order, Fourth Class.